On August 25, , Edward N. Cahn , a former United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania and a counsel for the law firm of Blank Rome , was appointed Chapter 11 trustee for The SCO Group. In October , a restructuring requested by trustee Cahn led to the termination of McBride and the elimination of the CEO position; the existing COO, Jeff Hunsaker, became the top executive in the company.

Vaughan-Nichols in Computerworld , who wrote, "You have to give McBride credit. While I dislike SCO, he did an amazing job of fighting a hopeless battle. It's a pity he was working so hard and so well for such a fundamentally wrong cause.

SCO had appealed the August summary judgment against it in SCO v. Novell and eventually an appeals court had ruled that a trial had to be held on the issue. The sale was closed on April 11, , with Stephen Norris Capital Partners and MerchantBridge being the final buyers, and UnXis was formed. The SCO Group's litigation rights against IBM and Novell did not transfer, as UnXis said it had no involvement or interest in such activities.

The TSG Group did not have employees per se ; any at the Utah site not hired by UnXis were let go. However, in November the bankruptcy trustee decided to go on with the surviving contractual claims against IBM, saying that "the Novell ruling does not impact the viability of the estate's claims against IBM. IBM case had previously been closed pending the result of the SCO v. Novell case. Nonetheless, there was no actual business being conducted by the TSG Group, and in August they filed to convert their status from Chapter 11 reorganization to Chapter 7 liquidation , [56] stating that "there is no reasonable chance of 'rehabilitation'".

In June , a judge granted the motion of the brankruptcy trustee and reopened consideration of SCO v. UnXis changed its name to Xinuos in , and despite SCO v. IBM having been reopened in the courts, reiterated that it had no interest in litigation. McBride turned his purchase of SCO's mobility assets into a company called Shout TV Inc. in In August , word came of a possible final settlement in the SCO v. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware, which had been handling the case all along.

After 18½ years, SCO v. IBM was finally over. As it happened, another suit against IBM was still now active, from Xinuos, which earlier in had reversed direction from their past disavowals of litigation interest and had filed suit against both IBM and Red Hat, re-alleging old SCO claims about IBM and Project Monterey and alleging new claims that IBM and Red Hat had cornered the operating system market for cloud computing. In any case, the story of The SCO Group was complete. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Defunct American software company. This article is about the owners of the SCO name beginning For the original SCO company, see Santa Cruz Operation. Traded as. Lindon, Utah. Darl McBride , CEO Ralph Yarro III , Chairman Ken Nielsen, CFO Ryan E.

Tibbitts, General Counsel Chris Sontag, head of SCOsource Jeff Hunsaker, President of SCO Operations Inc Sandy Gupta Andy Nagle. UnixWare OpenServer SCOoffice Server Me Inc. mobility products SCO Mobile Server HipCheck.

Net income. Main articles: Santa Cruz Operation and Caldera International. The theater of this — it's sort of beyond belief for all of us. University of Michigan. Retrieved June 3, Contracts: Office Sublease … January 10, ". Retrieved November 2, June 27, August 26, Linux Journal.

Caldera reinvents itself under the old brand". The Register. Deseret News. August 27, June 15, March 3, InfoWorld — via Gale General OneFile. December 4, Application Development Trends. OS News. PR Newswire. February 24, ProQuest — via ProQuest. CRN News. Network World. Los Angeles Times. December 22, Archived from the original on January 16, Retrieved March 28, Archived from the original on April 23, The New York Times. IDG News Service. Archived from the original on February 1, The Sydney Morning Herald.

January 13, January 22, The Globe and Mail. The Wall Street Journal Eastern ed. February 26, Bloomberg News. March 7, C3 — via Newspapers. The Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on March 12, Computergram International. October 27, — via Gale General OneFile. IT News. Associated Press.

July 21, Archived from the original on January 2, January 23, May 26, Information Week. March 30, D8 — via Newspapers. Also cover of issue. Santa Cruz Sentinel. D-6 — via Newspapers. July 23, IT Conversations. March 1, July 19, September 22, January 28, CNN Money. and the follow-up Halperin, David March 8, March 29, May 19, Software Development Times. June 1, Santa Cruz Tech Beat. org and BayLive Media.

Retrieved December 9, Linux Business Week. Archived from the original on May 29, February 29, As told to Eve Tahmincioglu. Securities and Exchange Commission. January 17, January 29, Retrieved December 31, August 9, May 29, June 8, October 27, A — via Newspapers.

C-4 — via Newspapers. March 4, D-5 — via Newspapers. Archived from the original on February 15, Retrieved February 15, Channel Insider. June 21, Also sidebar "SCO's Unix Product Plan".

Archived from the original on March 8, June 16, July 31, ComputerWorld Canada — via ProQuest. SCO Sales. January 16, Enterprise Systems Journal. August 2, October 28, Shortly after the review was published, the Volution Messaging Server was rebranded to SCOoffice.

Network Computing. June 22, January 26, and "Form K: For the fiscal year ended October 31, The SCO Group, Inc". October 15, Knight Ridder Tribune Business News. September 19, Business Wire. May 24, October 5, Utah Business. May Marketing Dive. Retrieved December 25, October 20, Ars Technica. Daily Herald. Provo, Utah. Archived from the original on December 22, The SCO Group.

September 14, Archived from the original on October 6, December 27, Archived from the original on December 29, The Wall Street Journal. International Herald Tribune. February 15, Archived from the original on April 7, Retrieved December 21, See keynote presentation , slide 39ff. B4 — via Newspapers. August 18, Retrieved December 12, February 17, and SCO Operations, Inc". Letter to. Blank Rome LLP. October 19, Bloomberg BusinessWeek. April 14, George, Utah. C2 — via Newspapers.

PC World. June 17, The Business Journals. Sports Business Journal. October 31, IBM settlement deal is done, but zombie case shuffles on elsewhere". August 30, Linux and Open Source. November 8, Triangle Business Journal. Categories : Caldera company Defunct software companies of the United States Defunct companies based in Utah SCO—Linux disputes Software companies established in establishments in Utah Software companies disestablished in disestablishments in Utah Companies that have filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in Hidden categories: Pages using the Graph extension Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Use mdy dates from December Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in.

Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item.

Download as PDF Printable version. العربية Català Deutsch Español Français Italiano Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål Polski Русский Svenska 中文 Edit links.

Nasdaq : SCOX later pink sheets as SCOXQ. Computer software. Lindon, Utah , United States. Timeline SCO—SGI code dispute of SCOsource. SCO v. Supply reduction includes: interdiction, eradication, and law enforcement; demand reduction includes: education, prevention, and treatment.

The War on Drugs is often called a policy failure. Critics of the War on Drugs have noted that it has done little to reduce the amount of deaths caused by drug use. This is despite the fact that the Obama, Trump, and Biden Administrations and prior administrations have perpetuated strict drug scheduling and mandatory minimum sentences from drug users that critics say have very little effect on reducing drug use and deaths. Several authors believe that the United States' federal and state governments have chosen wrong methods for combatting the distribution of illicit substances.

Aggressive, heavy-handed enforcement funnels individuals through courts and prisons; instead of treating the cause of the addiction, the focus of government efforts has been on punishment. By making drugs illegal rather than regulating them, the War on Drugs creates a highly profitable black market. Jefferson Fish has edited scholarly collections of articles offering a wide variety of public health based and rights based alternative drug policies.

In the year , the United States drug-control budget reached In the year , 53 percent of the requested drug control budget was for enforcement, 29 percent for treatment, and 18 percent for prevention. Of that, a mere one percent was put towards prevention, treatment, and research. In a survey taken by Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration SAMHSA , it was found that substance abusers that remain in treatment longer are less likely to resume their former drug habits.

Of the people that were studied, 66 percent were cocaine users. After experiencing long-term in-patient treatment, only 22 percent returned to the use of cocaine.

Treatment had reduced the number of cocaine abusers by two-thirds. In the federal government issued the National Drug Control Strategy. It supported programs designed to expand treatment options, enhance treatment delivery, and improve treatment outcomes. ATR is a program that provides vouchers to addicts to provide them with the means to acquire clinical treatment or recovery support.

The project's goals are to expand capacity, support client choice, and increase the array of faith-based and community-based providers for clinical treatment and recovery support services. The Strategy additionally declared a significant 32 million dollar raise in the Drug Courts Program, which provides drug offenders with alternatives to incarceration.

As a substitute for imprisonment, drug courts identify substance-abusing offenders and place them under strict court monitoring and community supervision, as well as provide them with long-term treatment services. Additionally, enrolling an addict in a drug court program costs much less than incarcerating one in prison. Describing the failure of the War on Drugs, New York Times columnist Eduardo Porter noted:.

Many believe that the War on Drugs has been costly and ineffective largely because inadequate emphasis is placed on treatment of addiction. The United States leads the world in both recreational drug usage and incarceration rates. Chiquita From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Campaign of drug prohibition led by the United States federal government. For other uses, see War on drugs disambiguation. War on drugs Colin Powell , then the United States Secretary of State , visiting Colombia in the early s as part of the United States' support of Plan Colombia [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Date Term coined June 18, Location Global. Operations in the War on Drugs. Main article: History of United States drug prohibition. See also: Legal history of cannabis in the United States.

Main article: Race and the War on Drugs. Main articles: Operation Just Cause and Operation Nifty Package. Main articles: Plan Colombia and Paramilitarism in Colombia. United States involvement in Colombia Part of the Colombian armed conflict. War on drugs Plan Colombia Plan Patriota Human Rights reports Military relations. Main article: Plan Colombia § Fumigation strategy and criticisms. Further information: Arguments for and against drug prohibition. Further information: Allegations of CIA drug trafficking.

Further information: CIA and Contras cocaine trafficking in the US. Further information: Collaborations between the United States government and Italian Mafia. Main article: Legality of the War on Drugs.

See also: Responsible drug use. Baker , a series of counter-narcotics training exercises conducted by the United States Army and several Asian countries Civil forfeiture in the United States Class war Cognitive liberty Crack epidemic Drugs in the United States Harm reduction Latin American drug legalization Philippine Drug War Prison-industrial complex Race war Recreational use of drugs War on Gangs Covert activities and foreign policy Allegations of CIA drug trafficking Golden Crescent Golden Triangle Harry J.

Anslinger Military Cooperation with Civilian Law Enforcement Agencies Act CIA transnational anti-crime and anti-drug activities Plan Colombia UMOPAR Air Bridge Denial Program Government agencies and laws Continuing Criminal Enterprise Marijuana Control, Regulation, and Education Act Office of National Drug Control Policy United Nations Drug Control Programme.

United States Agency for International Development. Archived PDF from the original on January 9, Retrieved October 20, can't justify its drug war spending, reports say". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on September 12, Retrieved February 20, Archived from the original on August 10, Retrieved November 29, The Guardian.

Archived from the original on December 22, Retrieved December 18, Archived from the original on May 14, The Global Commission on Drug Policy. Archived from the original on January 9, Retrieved September 18, The 'Risks Are Tremendous' Without Defining The Problem". Archived from the original on January 15, Retrieved April 3, Block March Crime, Law and Social Change.

doi : ISSN S2CID Archived from the original on December 12, Retrieved December 8, The Palm Beach Post. June 18, Retrieved October 13, The Atlantic. Archived from the original on November 5, A War that Can't Be Won. Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona Press. Drug Policy Alliance. Archived from the original on July 5, Retrieved February 25, The Wall Street Journal.

Archived from the original on January 1, Retrieved May 14, June 10, Retrieved March 28, Forces of habit drugs and the making of the modern world 1 ed. Cambridge, Mass. ISBN Archived from the original on 8 September Archived from the original on January 5, Retrieved January 22, The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 22, Retrieved January 21, Archived from the original on January 6, Archived from the original on November 26, PBS Frontline.

Archived from the original on September 23, Retrieved October 8, Archived from the original on May 21, Retrieved March 27, Archived from the original on July 23, March 21, ". Archived from the original on February 3, University Press of America. Archived from the original on December 28, Retrieved May 7, Bound in twine: the history and ecology of the henequen-wheat complex for Mexico and the American and Canadian Plains, — Archived from the original on April 24, Retrieved March 6, The borderlands of the American and Canadian Wests: essays on regional history of the forty-ninth parallel.

University of Nebraska Press. Legalizing marijuana: drug policy reform and prohibition politics. Greenwood Publishing Group. Archived from the original on January 8, Understanding marijuana: a new look at the scientific evidence.

Oxford University Press. Lies, damned lies, and drug war statistics: a critical analysis of claims made by the office of National Drug Control Policy. SUNY Press. Federal narcotics laws and the war on drugs: money down a rat hole. Psychology Press. Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement: Federal. Pipe dream blues: racism and the war on drugs. South End Press. United States Printing Office, Washington. Archived from the original on March 13, Randall Fortenbery and Michael Bennett: Is Industrial Hemp Worth Further Study in the US?

A Survey of the Literature, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Wisconsin — Ma7dison. July " PDF. Archived PDF from the original on March 4, Retrieved June 25, Archived from the original on April 2, Retrieved March 17, Frontline U.

TV series. Interview with Dr. Robert Dupoint Archived September 5, , at the Wayback Machine. org February 18, Archived from the original on February 24, Retrieved October 19, April 2, It's a bit more complicated. Archived from the original on July 30, Retrieved July 30, Archived from the original on January 26, Retrieved February 7, Archived from the original on February 19, Retrieved February 20, — via Huff Post.

Harper's Magazine. April Archived from the original on February 7, Retrieved February 7, — via Harpers. Archived from the original on May 30, Retrieved June 13, Archived from the original on June 27, Retrieved June 26, Making Crime Pay: Law and Order in Contemporary American Politics Revised ed.

London: Oxford University Press. Federal Budget of United States Government, Federal Reserve of Saint Louis. From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime: the Making of Mass Incarceration in America, by Elizabeth Hinton, Harvard University Press, , pp. Huffington Post. Archived from the original on October 29, Retrieved October 28, American Civil Liberties Union. The New Yorker. Zelizer, Princeton University Press, , pp.

June 16, Archived from the original on September 2, gov September 21, Archived from the original on June 28, PMC PMID gov, 7 Dec. SSRN — via papers. Archived from the original on May 31, Human Rights Watch. May Archived from the original on November 28, Retrieved June 10, The NCCD prison population forecast: the impact of the war on drugs. San Francisco: National Council on Crime and Delinquency, Chin Expanding the Definition of 'Drug Trafficking' in Determining Aggravated Felon Status for Non-Citizens".

Maryland Law Review. Retrieved February 28, February 3, New England Journal of Medicine. Will October 29, The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 8, Chin, "Race, The War on Drugs, and the Collateral Consequences of Criminal Conviction" Archived April 21, , at the Wayback Machine , v. Associated Press. November 16, Archived from the original on July 4, Retrieved May 29, Archived from the original on September 5, Gates of Injustice: The Crisis in America's Prisons.

Saddle River, New Jersey: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Archived from the original PDF on July 15, Retrieved August 24, As a result of the Act Retrieved September 30, Punishment and Prejudice: Racial Disparities in the War on Drugs. Retrieved February 3, Racial Disparities in the War on Drugs.

Archived from the original on August 16, Delaware: Pearson Allyn and Bacon, , Whitford and Jeffrey Yates, Presidential Rhetoric and the Public Agenda Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, , The War on Drugs IV , Presidential Rhetoric and the Public Agenda , American Conspiracies New York: Skyshore Publishing, , The New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness.

New York: The New Press, , Malign Neglect — Race, Crime and Punishment in America , Presidential Rhetoric and the Public Agenda. Seattle Pacific University. Retrieved May 26, Department of Justice. Archived PDF from the original on April 16, ABC News. Archived from the original on April 11, Retrieved May 30, Department of Defense. Retrieved November 28, Military Needs its Speed". Archived from the original on September 25, Clair, pp.

Panama: The Whole Story. Simon and Schuster. The New York Times Company. Archived from the original on June 16, Retrieved March 5, House of Representatives. Retrieved February 2, September 5, FARC — Revolutionary Armed forces of Colombia" Archived May 27, , at the Wayback Machine The New York Times. America's Other War: Terrorizing Colombia. Zed Books. The School of the Americas: military training and political violence in the Americas.

Duke University Press. RAND Corporation National Security Research Division. Archived from the original on March 23, E: The Environmental Magazine Nov—Dec. Drug War". New York Times. May 31, Archived from the original on November 29, Policy on Cuba, Immigration, and Drugs".

Zogby International. October 2, Archived from the original on February 11, Retrieved May 10, Justice Policy Institute. Archived from the original on July 18, Retrieved July 27, Rasmussen Reports.

January 10, Retrieved October 22, Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. Retrieved October 23, Archived from the original on October 18, Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project. August 12, Archived from the original on October 17, August 31, Archived from the original on October 25, Retrieved November 1, aid to fight drug cartels Pew Research Center".

Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on November 12, Image Rebounds in Mexico". April 29, Archived from the original on November 10, The Economist. March 31, Retrieved April 2, uk March 25, The Observer. Archived from the original on October 16, Retrieved April 15, August 22, the Guardian.

December 29, Retrieved May 22, Nilsen May 16, Drug Policy Forum of Massachusetts. Archived from the original PDF on June 22, Retrieved August 7, Archived from the original on June 23, Retrieved July 5, Archived PDF from the original on May 12, Retrieved May 15, July 19, Archived from the original on March 15, Stability: International Journal of Security and Development.

Washington Times. Archived from the original on September 10, March Consumers Have Felt Supply Chain Problems". August 11, October 25, May 18, San Jose Mercury News. Archived from the original on December 20, Retrieved February 5, Allegations of Connections Between CIA and The Contras in Cocaine Trafficking to the United States, Volume I: The California Story. Archived from the original on June 13, Archived from the original on March 2, Retrieved February 9, Report On the Central Intelligence Agency's Alleged Involvement in Crack Cocaine Trafficking in the Los Angeles Area.

The Luciano Project: The Secret Wartime Collaboration Between the Mafia and the U. Archived from the original on January 31, March 26, Archived from the original on January 30, Retrieved March 28, — via National Archives. Reuter, Sealing the borders: the effects of increased military participation in drug interdiction RAND ; Robert E. Kessler, "Study: Military Can't Curb Drugs", Newsday , May 23, at 23; "Military support would have little effect on drug smuggling, study says", United Press International, March 4, Peter Rydell, Controlling Cocaine: Supply Versus Demand Programs Rand Drug Policy Research Center American Economic Review.

July 17, Archived from the original on December 29, Office of National Drug Control Policy. April 14, Archived from the original on September 27, Retrieved October 4, The Pursuit of Oblivion: A Global History of Narcotics. New York: W. OCLC Prohibition Costs. By National Institute on Drug Abuse NIDA. An international conference against drug abuse with participants from 82 nations Archived July 23, , at the Wayback Machine.

September 17, Marijuana Policy Project. Archived from the original on December 4, Retrieved December 27, November 30, Teen drug use down but progress halts among youngest teens. Monitoring the Future. Archived PDF from the original on July 24, Retrieved August 23, Archived from the original on July 10, Archived from the original on July 8, September 30, BMJ Open.

Archived PDF from the original on June 6, — via National Archives. Retrieved August 15, Archived from the original on August 15, Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on September 13, Retrieved July 12, US Foreign Policy and the War on Drugs: Displacing the Cocaine and Heroin Industry.

Center for Comparative Immigration Studies. Archived from the original on August 27, Ronald Reagan's War on Drugs: A Policy Failure But A Political Success MA. Leiden University. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs. JSTOR Journal of Crime and Justice. ISSN X. May 13, July 15, How to legalize drugs.

Northvale, New Jersey: Jason Aronson. Are there alternatives? Drugs and society: U. public policy. Newsweek , February 12, , pp. Drug Problems and Policy. Archived from the original on June 18, Retrieved July 10, West III, et al. Painting the Current Picture: A National Report Card on Drug Courts and Other Problem Solving Court Programs in the United States , Vol. Annual Determination of Average Cost of Incarceration. Department of Justice — Bureau of Prisons.

Archived from the original on January 29, Retrieved July 4, May 17, Archived from the original on August 17, Retrieved November 22, Prison System Needs Reform, Does not Meet Intended Goals". Collegiate Times. Archived from the original on November 22, Retrieved November 23, Wikimedia Commons has media related to War on Drugs.

Recreational drug use. Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Carbamates Ethanol alcohol Alcoholic drinks Beer Wine Gabapentinoids GHB Inhalants Medical Nitrous oxide recreational use Hazardous solvents contact adhesives Gasoline nail polish remover Paint thinner Other Freon Kava Nonbenzodiazepines Quinazolinones.

Amphetamine Arecoline Areca Betel Caffeine Coffee Energy drinks Tea Cathinone Khat Cocaine Coca Crack Ephedrine Ephedra MDPV Mephedrone Methamphetamine Methylone Methylphenidate Modafinil Nicotine Tobacco Theobromine Cocoa Chocolate.

DXM recreational use Glaucine Inhalants Nitrous oxide recreational use alkyl nitrites poppers amyl nitrite Ketamine MXE Muscimol Amanita muscaria PCP Salvinorin A Salvia divinorum. Atropine and Scopolamine Atropa belladonna Datura Hyoscyamus niger Mandragora officinarum Dimenhydrinate Diphenhydramine. Calea zacatechichi Silene capensis. Cocaine Quaaludes MDMA Ecstasy Nitrous oxide recreational use Poppers.

Drug culture. Coffee break Coffeehouse Latte art Teahouse. Bartending Beer culture Beer festival Binge drinking Diethyl ether Drinking games Drinking song Happy hour Hip flask Nightclub Oktoberfest Pub Pub crawl Sommelier Sports bar Tailgate party Wine bar Wine tasting. Psychonautics Art Drug Era Experience Literature Music Microdosing Smart shop Therapy. Cigarette card Fashion cigarettes Cloud-chasing Loosie Smokeasy Smoking fetishism Tobacco smoking.

Chasing the dragon Club drug Counterculture of the s Dance party Drug paraphernalia Drug tourism Entheogen Hippie Needle sharing Nootropic Party and play Poly drug use Rave Religion and drugs Self-medication Sex and drugs Whoonga. International Drug Control Conventions Narcotic Drugs Psychotropic Substances Drug Trafficking Other treaties addressing drugs Law of the Sea Convention Convention Against Doping Council of the European Union decisions on designer drugs.

Drug policy Decriminalization Prohibition Supply reduction Policy reform Demand reduction Drug Policy Alliance Harm reduction Law Enforcement Action Partnership Liberalization Latin America Students for Sensible Drug Policy Transform Drug Policy Foundation. Australia Canada Germany India Netherlands Portugal Slovakia Soviet Union Sweden Switzerland United States Just Say No Office of National Drug Control Policy School district drug policies California Colorado Maryland Virginia.

Alcohol legality Anabolic steroid legality Cannabis legality Cocaine legality Methamphetamine legality Psilocybin mushrooms legality Salvia legality. Arguments for and against drug prohibition Capital punishment for drug trafficking Cognitive liberty Designer drug Drug court Drug possession Drug test Narc Politics of drug abuse War on drugs Mexican drug war Plan Colombia Philippine drug war Zero tolerance. Coca production in Colombia Drug precursors Opium production in Afghanistan Rolling meth lab.

Illegal drug trade Colombia Darknet market Pharmaceutical distribution Beer shop Cannabis shop Liquor store Liquor license. Abuse Addiction Date rape drug Dependence Driving impaired Drug harmfulness Effects of cannabis Drug-related crime Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder Long-term effects of cannabis Neurotoxicity Overdose Passive smoking of tobacco or other substances.

Drug checking Drug legalization Drug rehabilitation Needle and syringe programmes Opioid replacement therapy Pharmacovigilance Reagent testing Regulation of therapeutic goods Responsible drug use Substance abuse prevention Supervised injection site. Alcohol consumption Cocaine use Cannabis Annual use Lifetime use Opiates use Tobacco consumption.

United States articles. Pre-colonial era Colonial era Stamp Act Congress Thirteen Colonies Continental Congress Continental Association United Colonies Military history Founding Fathers Halifax Resolves Lee Resolution Declaration of Independence American Revolution War Treaty of Paris Articles of Confederation Perpetual Union Confederation period American frontier Constitution drafting and ratification Bill of Rights Federalist Era War of Territorial evolution Mexican—American War Civil War Reconstruction era Indian Wars Gilded Age Progressive Era Women's suffrage Civil rights movement — — — Spanish—American War Imperialism World War I Roaring Twenties Great Depression World War II home front American Century Cold War Korean War Space Race Feminist Movement LGBT Movement Vietnam War Post-Cold War — September 11 attacks War on Terror War in Afghanistan Iraq War Great Recession COVID pandemic.

Outline of U. history Demographic Discoveries Economic debt ceiling Inventions before — — after Military Postal Technological and industrial. Territory Contiguous United States counties federal district federal enclaves Indian reservations insular zones minor outlying islands populated places states Earthquakes Extreme points Islands Mountains peaks ranges Appalachian Rocky Sierra Nevada National Park Service National Parks Regions East Coast West Coast Great Plains Gulf Mid-Atlantic Midwestern New England Pacific Central Eastern Northern Northeastern Northwestern Southern Southeastern Southwestern Western Longest rivers Arkansas Colorado Columbia Mississippi Missouri Red South Rio Grande Yukon Time Water supply and sanitation World Heritage Sites.

Cabinet Civil service Executive departments Executive Office Independent agencies Law enforcement President of the United States Powers Public policy. House of Representatives current members Speaker Senate current members President pro tempore Vice President. District courts Courts of appeals Supreme Court. Bill of Rights civil liberties Code of Federal Regulations Constitution federalism preemption separation of powers civil rights Federal Reporter United States Code United States Reports.

SCO , The SCO Group , and The TSG Group are the various names of an American software company in existence from to that became known for owning Unix operating system assets that had belonged to the Santa Cruz Operation original SCO , including the UnixWare and OpenServer technologies, and then, under CEO Darl McBride , pursuing a series of high-profile legal battles known as the SCO-Linux controversies.

The SCO Group began in with a renaming of Caldera International , accompanied by McBride becoming CEO and a major change in business strategy and direction.

The SCO brand was re-emphasized and new releases of UnixWare and OpenServer came out. The company also attempted some initiatives in the e-commerce space with the SCOBiz and SCOx programs.

In , the SCO Group claimed that the increasingly popular free Linux operating system contained substantial amounts of Unix code that IBM had improperly put there. The SCOsource division was created to monetize the company's intellectual property by selling Unix license rights to use Linux.

The SCO v. IBM lawsuit was filed, asking for billion-dollar damages and setting off one of the top technology battles in the history of the industry. By a year later, four additional lawsuits had been filed involving the company. Reaction to SCO's actions from the free and open source software community was intensely negative and the general IT industry was not enamored of the actions either. SCO soon became, as Businessweek headlined, "The Most Hated Company In Tech".

SCO Group stock rose rapidly during , but then SCOsource revenue became erratic and the stock began a long fall. Despite the industry's attention to the lawsuits, SCO continued to maintain a product focus as well, putting out a major new release of OpenServer that incorporated the UnixWare kernel inside it.

SCO also made a major push in the burgeoning smartphones space, launching the Me Inc. platform for mobility services. But despite these actions, the company steadily lost money and shrank in size. In , SCO suffered a major adverse ruling in the SCO v. Novell case that rejected SCO's claim of ownership of Unix-related copyrights and undermined much of the rest of its legal position.

The company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection soon after and attempted to continue operations. Its mobility and Unix software assets were sold off in , to McBride and UnXis respectively. Renamed to The TSG Group, the company converted to Chapter 7 bankruptcy in A portion of the SCO v. IBM case continued on until , when a settlement was reached for a tiny fraction of what The SCO Group had initially sued for.

The Santa Cruz Operation had been an American software company, founded in in Santa Cruz, California , that found success during the s and s selling Unix -based operating system products for Intel x86 -based server systems.

SCO built a large community of value-added resellers that eventually became 15, strong and many of its sales of its SCO OpenServer product to small and medium-sized businesses went through those resellers. But beginning in the late s, SCO faced increasingly severe competitive pressure, on one side from Microsoft's Windows NT and its successors and on the other side from the free and open source Linux.

Caldera, based in Lindon, Utah , [2] had been in the business of selling its OpenLinux product but had never been profitable.

It attempted to make a combined business out of Linux and Unix but failed to make headway and had suffered continuing financial difficulties. By June its stock was facing a second delisting notice from NASDAQ and the company had less than four months' cash for operations. On June 27, , Caldera International had a change in management, with Darl McBride , formerly an executive with Novell , FranklinCovey , and several start-ups, taking over as CEO from Caldera co-founder Ransom Love.

Change under McBride happened quickly. On August 26, , he announced at the company's annual Forum conference in Las Vegas that Caldera International was changing its name to The SCO Group. The change back to a SCO-based name reflected recognition of the reality that almost all of the company's revenue was coming from Unix, not Linux, products. McBride emphasized that the OpenServer product was still selling: "What is it with the OpenServer phenomenon? We can't kill it. The customers want to give us money for it.

Why don't we just sell it? The product name Caldera OpenLinux became "SCO Linux powered by UnitedLinux" and all other Caldera branded names were changed as well. Announcements were made that a new OpenServer release, 5. In addition to reviving SCO's longtime operating system products, the SCO Group also announced a new venture, SCOBiz. com, founded in by John Wall, in which SCO partners could sell Vista.

com's online, web-based e-commerce development and hosting service targeted at small and medium-sized businesses. com e-commerce front-ends to communicate with existing back-end SCO-based applications. Lastly, SCO announced a new program for partners, called SCOx. The previously announced operating system releases began appearing, beginning with a Linux release. Caldera International had been one of the founders of the United Linux initiative, along with SuSE , Conectiva , and Turbolinux , and the newly-named SCO Linux 4 came out in November , in conjunction with each of the other vendors releasing their versions of the United Linux 1.

The new Unix operating system releases then came out. UnixWare 7. The SCOx software framework was announced in April ; its aim was to enable the SCO developer and reseller community to be able to connect web services and web-based presentation layers to the over 4, different applications that ran small and midsize businesses and branch offices. But by then, these software releases and e-commerce initiatives had become overshadowed by legal actions.

As soon as McBride became the head of Caldera International, he became interested in what intellectual property the company possessed.

So in , McBride said he had thought: "In theory, there should be some value to that property — somewhere between a million and a billion [dollars], right? I just wanted to know what real, tangible intellectual property value the company held. In particular, from the start of his time as CEO, McBride had considered the possibility of claiming ownership of some of the code within Linux.

You don't want to take on the entire Linux community. If we own the source, we are entitled to collect the agreed license fees. By October , McBride had created an internal organization "to formalize the licensing of our intellectual property"; this effort was provisionally called SCO Tech. By the end of , McBride and SCO had sought out the services of David Boies of the law firm Boies, Schiller and Flexner as part of an effort to litigate against what it saw was unrightful use of its intellectual property.

federal government's successful prosecution of Microsoft in United States v. Microsoft Corp. Gore Florida election dispute. News of the SCO Group's intent to take action regarding Linux first broke on January 10, , in a column by technology reporter Maureen O'Gara of Linuxgram that appeared in Client Server News and Linux Business Week.

On January 22, , creation of the SCOsource division of the company, to manage the licensing of the company's Unix-related intellectual property, was officially announced, as was the hiring of Boies to investigate and oversee legal protection of that property. IBM case was underway; it would come to be considered one of the top technology battles of all time.

Many industry analysts were not impressed by the lawsuit, with one saying, "It's a fairly end-of-life move for the stockholders and managers of that company. This is a way of salvaging value out of the SCO franchise they can't get by winning in the marketplace.

In mid-May , SCO sent a letter to some 1, companies, cautioning them that using Linux could put them in legal jeopardy. At the same time, SCO announced it would stop selling its own SCO Linux product. A few days later, Microsoft — which had long expressed disdain for Linux — said it was acquiring a Unix license from SCO, [45] in order to ensure interoperability with its own products and to ward off any questions about rights.

On May 28, , Novell counterattacked, saying its sale of the Unix business to the Santa Cruz Operation back in did not include the Unix software copyrights, and thus that the SCO Group's legal position was empty. Novell and the SCO Group quickly fell into a vocal dispute that revolved around the interpretation of the asset-transfer agreement between them.

In July , SCO began offering UnixWare licenses for commercial Linux users, stating that "SCO will hold harmless commercial Linux customers that purchase a UnixWare license against any past copyright violations, and for any future use of Linux in a run-only, binary format.

Another counterattack came in August , when Red Hat, Inc. SCO Group, Inc. was filed by the largest of the Linux distribution companies. Novell continued to insist that it owned the copyrights to Unix. While Novell no longer had a commercial interest in Unix technology itself, it did want to clear the way for Linux, having recently purchased SuSE Linux , the second largest of commercial Linux distributions at the time. Novell court case was underway. Lawsuits against two Linux end users, [53] SCO Group, Inc.

DaimlerChrysler Corp. and SCO v. AutoZone were filed on March 3, In any case, the stage was set for the next several years' worth of court filings, depositions, hearings, interim rulings, and so on. In July , the SCO Group announced it had acquired Vultus Inc. for an unspecified price. The acquisition of Vultus resulted in a shift of emphasis in the company's web services initiative, with an announcement being made in August at SCO Forum that SCOx would now be a web services-based Application Substrate, featuring a combination of tools and APIs from Vultus's WebFace suite and from Ericom Software 's Host Publisher development framework.

A year later, in September , this idea materialized when the SCOx Web Services Substrate WSS was released for UnixWare 7. In the keynote address at its SCO Forum conference in August , held at the MGM Grand Las Vegas , the SCO Group made an expansive defense of its legal actions.

Linux advocates had repeatedly asked SCO to enumerate and show the specific areas of code in Linux that SCO thought were infringing on Unix. However during Forum, SCO did publicly show several alleged examples of illegal copying of copyright code in Linux. Until that time, these examples had only been available to people who signed a non-disclosure agreement , which had prohibited them from revealing the information shown to them.

SCO claimed the infringements were divided into four separate categories: literal copying, obfuscation, derivative works, and non-literal transfers. The example used by SCO to demonstrate literal copying became known as the atemalloc example. While the name of the original contributor was not revealed by SCO, quick analysis of the code in question pointed to SGI.

At this time it was also revealed that the code had already been removed from the Linux kernel, because it duplicated already existing functions. By early , the small amount of evidence that had been presented publicly was viewed as inconclusive by lawyers and software professionals who were not partisan to either side. In any case, while Linux customers may not have been happy about the concerns and threats that the SCO Group was raising, it was unclear whether that was slowing their adoption of Linux; some business media reports indicated that it was, [68] or that it might, [47] while others indicated that it was not.

The stakes were high in the battle the SCO Group had started, involving the future of Unix, Linux, and open source software in general. There's nothing like a good legal battle to whip up passions, and the SCO Group-versus-the-open-source-world dogfight is no exception.

Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Cyprus Northern Cyprus Georgia India Indonesia Japan Kazakhstan Laos Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal North Korea Pakistan Philippines Russia Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Taiwan Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Vietnam. Optional information : You can choose not to provide optional profile information such as your photo. Main article: Disability discrimination. Presidential Recordings and Materials Preservation Act Presidential Townhouse Richard Nixon mask. Estos activos se conocen como activos subyacentes , y para obtener las ganancias habrá que negociar con la dirección de sus precios.

Categories:

• Forex Brokers
• Forex
• Forex Bitcoin
• Binary Options
• Binary Options online